Soil Phosphorus Release to the Water Bodies in the Upland Fields of Yellow Soil Areas and Impacting Factor

Soil phosphorus release to the water bodies in the upland fields of yellow soil areas and impacting factor was studied in Guizhou province. The results showed that the content of dissolved active P of surface runoff from various upland fields of yellow-soil were significantly different, which the concentrations of dissolved active P of runoff correlated with the contents of available-P, amorphous oxides of A1, and organic matter in the soils. The amount of soil phosphorus release to the water bodies affected by the level of applying P fertilizer and the process of corn growth, which with fertilizing from 150 to 900 kg P205 ha^-1 in the soil with high P level, the average contents of dissolved active P in the permeability-water of the soil increased from 0.020 mg L^-1 to 0.137 mg L^-1. The amount of soil phosphorus release to the water bodies also affected by environmental factor, which the amount of soil phosphorus release significantly increased under the conditions that temperature is 30℃-35℃, water/soil ratios is 15：1-25：1, submergence-time by water is 12-18 h and pH value of acid rains is 3.82-3.73.     

云南个旧市郊农作物重金属污染现状及健康风险

通过现场采样及室内分析,对云南个旧市郊鸡街镇的土壤和农作物莺金属污染现状进行野外调查,并进行健康风险评价.结果表明,土壤Pb、Zn、Cu和Cd含量均超出<土壤环境质量标准>(GB 15618-1995)二级标准,Pb、Cu和Cd的二乙三胺五乙酸(DTPA)提取态与总量呈极显著正相关(P＜0.01),Zn则旱显著正相关(P＜0.05).农作物中除萝卜、甘蓝、花椰菜和甘蔗Pb含量未超出对应的食品安全限量标准外,其余作物均超标,Pb超标率达80%,其中薄荷Pb含量最高,平均值为3.28 mg·kg-1(鲜重),超标9.93倍;朝天椒、土豆、大米和玉米Cd含量均超标,Cd超标率为20%,其中大米Cd含量最高,平均值为0.446 mg·kg-1,超标1.23倍;Cu和Zn在所采的农作物中均未超标.薄荷对Pb和Cu、莴苣对Zn和Cd的富集系数高于其他农作物.豌豆尖、蚕豆、甘蓝、花椰菜、葱、朝天椒、甘蔗、韭菜、厚皮菜、白菜、萝卜、青花菜、土豆和金丝菜对Pb、Zn、Cu和Cd吸收能力较低,适合在污染区继续种植;薄荷、莴苣和青菜对4种重金属吸收能力较高,不适合在污染区继续种植.根据单因子评价方法,农作物受Pb轻度、中度、重度污染分别占50%、10%和20%,受Cd轻度、中度污染各占10%.对于不同种类农作物,不同莺金属的综合污染指数为Pb＞Cd＞Zn＞Cu.居民经食用蔬菜途径日摄入Pb、Zn、Cu和Cd量分别为0.204、2.336、0.376 mg·d-1和0.028 mg·d-1,分别占暂定每日耐受摄入量(PTDI)的101.78%、7.08%、5.79%和39.29%.因此,经蔬菜途径摄入Pb对当地居民健康构成潜住威胁.     

鲜加盐白面条色泽及其影响因素的研究

研究了黑龙江省小麦品种龙麦26和龙辐麦12在四个加水量水平28%～40%下的鲜加盐白面条(FWSN)制作与色泽.结果表明,两个品种FWSN加水量在28%～32%时,亮度(L*)显著降低,黄度(b*)显著增大;加水量在32%～45%时,L*值升高,b*值降低.两个品种FWSN放置24 h后,随着加水量提高,L*值降低,红度a*值显著增加,b*值变化不大.在加水量28%,放置3 h和24 h,FWSN的L*值较高.FWSN在储藏期间色泽稳定性和保持性很关键.结果表明,两个品种放置3～72 h,FWSN的L*值显著降低.对于不同地点种植的龙麦26和龙辐麦12,蛋白质含量与FWSN的L*值显著负相关(r=-0.446,p=0.05).随着出粉率提高,FWSN的L*值显著降低.不同地点种植的龙麦26和龙辐麦12,多酚氧化酶活性对FWSN色泽影响不大.     

一种分析边坡稳定性的新型方法

本文对人工神经网络即BP模型做了简要的介绍，并用BP网络的非线性映射能力计算了边坡稳定性的安全系数。结果表明利用BP网络求得的安全系数满足工程要求，并且其方法是合理、简单、可行的，值得推广。     

上海郊区农民居住集中现状分析与对策

基于青浦区推进农民居住集中工作的调查资料,分析了整个居住集中过程中农民的意愿水平、推动和制约因素政策的有效性及其相关性等因素,并针对性地提出相关的政策建议和措施。     

Bayesian inference towards the resolution of molecular evolution:application to the "Trichoderma harzianum sensu lato" clade

The Hypocrea lixii/Trichoderma harzianum species aggregate contains a group of taxa (H. lixii /T. harzianum, T. aggressivum, T. tomentosum, T. cerinum, T. velutinum, H. tawa) of which some (e.g. T. harzianum) are important for biocontrol of plant pathogenic fungi in agriculture, whereas others are aggressive pathogens of Agaricus spp. and Pleurotus spp. in mushroom farms (T. aggressivum), or opportunistic pathogens of immunocompromised mammals including humans (T. harzianum). We ch…     

基于"3S"的云南省石屏县土地利用动态特点分析

利用土地利用电子数据和SPOT-5卫星遥感数据,在3S技术的综合应用基础上对石屏县1992、2005年两个时期土地利用变化进行了研究。研究表明:①1992年至2005年,研究区园地变化速度较快,动态度达到了20.23%。未利用土地面积减少18865.48 hm2,耕地、林地面积分别增加了7143.22和6057.07 hm2。但由于未利用土地、耕地、林地在研究初期面总量较大,动态度较小。②在研究时段内,该区土地利用动态转化过程中以耕地、林地、未利用土地三者之间的转化、耕地、林地、未利用土地转化为园地,耕地、林地转化为居民用地及工矿等11种转化为主。③该区土地利用综合指数1992年为193.19,2005年为204.49,土地利用处于发展期,但与全国土地利用综合指数220相比有一定的差距。④农业产业结构调整、地方政府政策导向以及城镇建设用地的扩展等是影响研究区耕地变化的主要原因。     

Protective role of heat-shock protein 70 in gastric mucosal lesion induced by endotoxin in cirrhotic rats with portal hypertensive gastropathy

AIM: To investigate the protective role of heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) in the pathogenesis of gastric mucosal damage in cirrhotic rats with portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG).METHODS: The rat model of liver cirrhosis with PHG was established by injection with tetrachloride.The animals were divided into normal control group, PHG group, PHG+heat treatment group, PHG+BPI21 group and PHG+endotoxin groups.The endotoxin used in the experiment was at the dose of 3 mg/kg and endotoxin antagonist BPI21 was at the dose of 2 mg/kg.HSP70 was induced by pre-treating the animals with mild whole-body heating.The levels of HSP70 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the gastric mucosa were measured by ELISA.Furthermore, the pathological changes of the gastric mucosa were observed under microscope with HE staining.RESULTS: Compared with the normal control rats, the rats in PHG group showed obvious gastric pathological lesion, decrease in HSP70 production and increase in TNF-α level in the gastric mucosa, and increased endotoxin concentration in the plasma.Compared with PHG+endotoxin group, the gastric mucosal lesion in PHG+BPI21 group was significantly attenuated, accompanied by the increase in HSP70 production and decrease in TNF-α level in the gastric mucosa.Heat treatment increased HSP70 production and decreased TNF-α concentration in the PHG rats, thus attenuating the gastric mucosal damage.CONCLUSION: HSP70 alleviates the gastric mucosal lesion induced by endotoxin in cirrhotic rats with PHG and decreases the concentration of TNF-α in gastric mucosa, indicating a protective role of HSP70 in the pathogenesis of gastric mucosal damage in PHG.     

Effects of bFGF on neuronal apoptosis and fractalkine expression in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion rats

AIM: To study the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on neuronal apoptosis and fractalkine expression in ischemic penumbra after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats.METHODS: Thirty-six rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham operation group, ischemia/reperfusion group and bFGF group. The model of middle cerebral artery occlusion was established by the method of intraluminal filament blockage. The middle cerebral arteries were blocked for 1 h and then reperfused for 24 h. Neurological performances of all rats were scored with Bederson's standard. The brain tissues of the rats were stained and the average infarct volume was calculated. TUNEL method was used to determine the number of apoptotic neurons, and the expression of fractalkine was detected by the method of immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: The score of neurological performances in bFGF group was 2.23±0.59, lower than that in ischemia/reperfusion group (3.18±0.65). The number of apoptotic neurons in bFGF group (13.22±1.35) was lower than that in ischemia/reperfusion group (17.28±1.01, P<0.05), which was the lowest in sham operation group (0.91±0.65). Compared with sham operation group, the expression of fractalkine in ischemia/reperfusion group was decreased. The expression of fractalkine in bFGF group was mainly higher than that in ischemia/reperfusion group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Up-regulation of fractalkine may be one of the molecular mechanisms of bFGF to protect neurons against ischemia/reperfusion injury.     

Proliferative effect of PDGF and anti-proliferative activity of AMPK on vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: To investigate the proliferative effect of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and anti-proliferative activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). METHODS: The proliferation of VSMCs cultured with PDGF and activation of AMPK were observed. VSMCs were divided in 4 groups: control group; PDGF group; 5-aminoimidazole-4 -carboxamide-1-β-D-riboside (AICAR) group and AICAR+PDGF group. The time course of AMPK activation was determined. The protein level of mTOR was also measured. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the proliferative rate in PDGF group was significantly increased. The growth of VSMCs was inhibited in a time-dependent manner and the activity of p-mTOR was significantly decreased in AICAR group. Compared with control group, the expression of p-AMPK in PDGF group was significantly decreased, and that in AICAR group and AICAR+PDGF group was significantly increased. The expression of p-AMPK in AICAR+PDGF group was higher than that in PDGF group. The activity of p-mTOR in PDGF group was significantly higher than that in control group, while that of AICAR group and AICAR+PDGF group was significantly decreased. The expression of p-mTOR in AICAR+PDGF group was lower than that in PDGF group. CONCLUSION: Stimulation of VSMCs with PDGF promotes the cell proliferation, which can be inhibited by AICAR. The proliferation of VSMCs activated by AMPK is probably correlated with the down-regulation of mTOR expression.